|
A Car-Free Day encourages motorists to give up their cars for a day. Organized events are held in some cities and countries. September 22 is World Car Free Day. According to ''The Washington Post'', the event "promotes improvement of mass transit, cycling and walking, and the development of communities where jobs are closer to home and where shopping is within walking distance".〔 Studies showed that for short trips in cities, one can reach more quickly using a bicycle rather than using a car.〔(Step out of your cars to embrace your cities | Cities Now )〕 The events, which vary by location, give motorists and commuterists an idea of their locality with fewer cars. While projects along these lines had taken place from time to time on an ''ad hoc'' basis starting with the 1973 oil crisis, it was only in October 1994 that a structured call for such projects was issued in a keynote speech by Eric Britton at the International Ciudades Accessibles (Accessible Cities) Conference held in Toledo (Spain).〔(Thursday: A Breakthrough Strategy for Reducing Car Dependence in Cities )〕 Within two years the first Days were organized in Reykjavík (Iceland), Bath (United Kingdom) and La Rochelle (France), and the informal (World Car Free Days Consortium ) was organized in 1995 to support Car-Free Days worldwide. The first national campaign was inaugurated in Britain by the Environmental Transport Association in 1997, the French followed suit in 1998 as In town, without my car! and was established as a Europe-wide initiative by the European Commission in 2000. In the same year the Commission enlarged the program to a full (European Mobility Week ) which now is the major focus of the Commission, with the Car-Free Day part of a greater ''new mobility'' whole. Also in 2000, car free days went global with a (World Carfree Day ) program launched by Carbusters, now World Carfree Network, and in the same year the Earth Car Free Day collaborative program of the Earth Day Network and the World Car Free Days collaborative. While considerable momentum has been achieved in terms of media coverage, these events turn out to be difficult to organize to achieve real success (perhaps requiring significant reorganization of the host city's transportation arrangement) and even a decade later there is considerable uncertainty about the usefulness of this approach. The sine qua non of success is the achievement of broad public support and commitment to change. By some counts by advocates (disputed), more than a thousand cities worldwide organized “Days” during 2005. Currently Bogotá holds the world's largest car-free weekday event covering the entire city. The first car-free day was held in February 2000 and became institutionalised through a public referendum.〔Wright L. and Montezuma R.: Reclaiming public space (), retrieved 2009-10-03〕 In September 2007, Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, held its first Car-Free Day that closed the main avenue of the city from cars and invited local pedestrian to exercise and having their activities on the streets that normally full of cars and traffic. Along the road from the Senayan traffic circle on Jalan Sudirman, South Jakarta, to the Selamat Datang Monument at the Hotel Indonesia traffic circle on Jalan Thamrin, all the way north to National Monument Central Jakarta, cars are cleared out for pedestrians. Since May 2012 Car-Free Day in Jakarta is held every Sunday. It is held on the main avenues of the city, Jalan Sudirman and Jalan Thamrin, from Senayan area to Monas (Monumen Nasional), from 6 AM to 11 AM. While not an officially organized Car-Free Day, every year traffic in Israel stops (except for emergency vehicles) for more than 24 hours in observance of Yom Kippur.〔(Yom Kippur, The Day When Israel Goes Car Free )〕 This encompasses all motorized vehicles, including cars and public transportation (buses, trains, taxis, airplanes etc.'). Cycling enthusiasts of the Hiloni stream and other religions take advantage of this, and roads (except in religious neighborhoods) become de facto esplanade and cycleways. Air pollution in Israel that day, measured by nitrogen oxides, drop by 99 percent.〔(Air pollution levels plunge 99% in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv over Yom Kippur )〕 == How it works == The 1994 Car Free Day Call 〔(1994 CFDC )〕 set out a challenge for a city, neighborhood or group: *To spend one carefully prepared day without cars. *To study and observe closely what exactly goes on during that day. *Then, to reflect publicly and collectively on the lessons of this experience and on what might be prudently and creatively done next to build on these. The exercise considered car users to be "addicts" who need to be "treated" in some way. The organisers considered this to mean that motorists should have no choice but to be without cars, at least for a time. In this particular instance the proposed "treatment" was to find an answer to the following question in three main parts: *Is it possible to get drivers out of their cars in one or more cities... *In ways that will be tolerable in a pluralistic democracy... *For at least long enough to demonstrate what needs to happen to make a car-less (or, more accurately, less-car) urban transport paradigm actually work? 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Car-Free Days」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|